Equilibrium Principles Level 3

Introduction

Getting Started

Course Content

How Good are Your Study Habits?

Section 1  Solubility of Ionic Solids

Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

Kc and the Position of Equilibrium

Solubility Product (Ks)

Calculating Ks

Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions – A Summary

The Common Ion Effect

Predicting Precipitation

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Common Ion Effect-Quiz set 1. 5 long answer questions and answers.
• Solubility-Quiz set 2. 19 mcq and short answer questions and answers.
• Solubility Product-Quiz set 3. 19 mcq and short answer questions and answers.

Section 2 - Acid-Base Equilibria

Bronsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases

Acids

Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids

Strong and Weak Acids

Reactivity of Strong and Weak Acids

Conductivity of Strong and Weak Acids

Concentrated and Dilute Acids versus Acid Strength

Bases

Strong and Weak Bases

Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs

Amphiprotic Substances

Salts

Acidic Salts

Basic Salts

Neutral Salts

Naming Salts

Calculating Acid and Base Concentrations in Solution

pH, pOH, and The pH Scale

Kw. The Ionic Product of Water

Relating [H₃O⁺] and pH

Relating [OH^-] and pOH

Relating pH and pOH

Example 1: Calculating the pH of a Strong Base Solution

The pH Scale: Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Solutions

Example 2: Calculating The Hydronium Ion Concentration and Hydroxide Ion Concentration

Example 3: Calculating The pH of Strong Acid Solution and The Hydronium Ion Concentration and Hydroxide Ion Concentration of a Strong Base

Weak Acids and Bases: Ka, Kb, pKa, pKb

Weak Acids

Weak Bases

The Relationship Between Ka/Kb, and pKa/pKb

Calculating the pH from [OH^-]

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Bronsted-Lowry Theory-Quiz set 1. 19 mcq questions and answers.
• pH Calculations-Quiz set 2. 11 short answer questions and answers.

Section 3 - Buffers

What is a Buffer?

Types of Buffers and How They Work

Acidic Buffer

Basic Buffer

Working Range of a Buffer

Selecting Proper Components for Desired pH

Buffer Capacity

Buffer Calculations

Learning Objectives

Quiz

• Buffers-Quiz set 1. 16 short answer questions and answers.

Section 4 - Titration Curves

Strong Acid-Strong Base Titration (SA x SB)

Calculating Concentration

Summary (SA x SB)

Weak Acid-Strong Base Titration (WA x SB)

The Titration of Ethanoic Acid (CH₃COOH) with NaOH in More Detail

Strong Acid-Weak Base Titration (SA x WB)

The Titration of Ammonia (NH₃) with HCl in More Detail

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Titration and Indicators-Quiz set 1. 17 short answer questions and answers.
• Titration Curves-Quiz set 2. 61 short answer questions and answers.

Appendix 1 - The Official Prescription

Appendix 2 - AS91392 Study Checklist

Appendix 3 - Solving pH Problems – a Review

Appendix 5 - Exam Resource Booklet

Appendix 5 - About the Author