Organic Chemistry Level 2

Introduction

Getting Started

Functional Groups

Carbon Chain Length (parent chain)

Covalent Bonding

Types of Formulae

Isomerism

Types of Chemical Reactions

How Good are Your Study Habits?

Section 1 - Alkanes

Naming Alkanes

Straight-Chain Alkanes

Branch-Chain Alkanes

Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanes

Physical Properties of Alkanes

Solubility

Boiling Points and Melting Points

Electrical Conductance

Key Points on Physical Properties

Chemical Reactions of Alkanes

Oxidation (Combustion) Reaction

Substitution Reactions. Alkane to Haloalkane

Summary

Summary of Reactions of Alkanes

Substitution Reaction (Alkanes to Haloalkanes)

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Alkanes-Quiz set 1. 52 mcq questions and answers.
• Alkanes-Quiz set 2. 30 naming questions and answers.
• Alkanes-Quiz set 3. 11 short answer questions and answers.
• Alkanes-Quiz set 4. 14 short answer questions and answers.

Section 2 - Alkenes

Naming Alkenes

Straight-Chain Alkenes

Drawing and Naming Alkenes

Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkenes

Physical Properties (straight-chain alkenes only)

Solubility

Melting Points and Boiling Points

Melting Points

Electrical Conductance

Chemical Reactions of Alkenes

Addition of Halogen (Br2 or Cl2): Halogenation

Addition of Hydrogen (H2): Hydrogenation

Addition of HCl, HBr, HF, HI: (Hydrohalogenation)

Addition of Water: (Hydration)

Addition Reaction Using an Unsymmetrical Alkene with an Unsymmetrical Reagent

Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols

Addition Polymerisation

Name and Uses of Four Different Polymers

Summary. Addition Polymerisation

Summary of Addition Reactions of Alkenes

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Alkenes-Quiz set 1. 47 mcq questions and answers.
• Alkenes-Quiz set 2. 40 short and long exam questions and answers.

Section 3 - Alkynes

Naming Alkynes

Straight-Chain Alkynes

Branch-Chain Alkynes

Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkynes

Physical Properties of Alkynes

Solubility

Boiling Points and Melting Points

Electrical Conductance

Chemical Reactions of Alkynes

Addition Reaction. Alkyne to an Alkene. (H2): Hydrogenation

Summary of an Addition Reaction of Alkynes

Learning Objectives

Quiz

• Alkynes-Quiz set 1. 10 mcq questions and answers.

Section 4 - Haloalkanes

Naming Haloalkanes

Classification of Haloalkanes: Primary (1^o), Secondary (2^o) and Tertiary (3^o)

Physical and Chemical Properties of Haloalkanes

Physical Properties of Haloalkanes

Solubility

Boiling Points and Melting Points

Electrical Conductance

Chemical Reactions of Haloalkanes

Haloalkane Synthesis

Elimination Reaction. Haloalkane to Alkene

Substitution reaction. Haloalkane to Alcohol

Substitution Reaction. Haloalkane to Primary Amine

‘Major’ and ‘Minor’ Products from Haloalkane Elimination Reactions

Summary

Summary of Reactions of Haloalkanes

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Haloalkanes-Quiz set 1. 36 mcq questions and answers.
• Haloalkanes-Quiz set 2. 52 short answer questions and answers.

Section 5 - Alcohols

Naming Alcohols

Classification of Alcohols: Primary (1^o), Secondary (2^o) and Tertiary (3^o)

Physical and Chemical Properties of Alcohols

Physical Properties of Alcohols

Solubility

Boiling Points and Melting Points

Electrical Conductance

Chemical Reactions of Alcohols

Oxidation (combustion)

Chemical Reactions of Alkanes

Oxidation (Combustion) Reaction

Substitution

Elimination

Oxidation

Summary

Summary of the Reactions of Alcohols

Learning Objectives

Quiz

• Alcohols-Quiz set 1. 43 mcq questions and answers.

Section 6 - Carboxylic Acids

Naming Carboxylic Acids

Physical and Chemical Properties of Small Carboxylic Acids

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

Solubility

Melting Points and Boiling Points

Melting Points

Electrical Conductivity

Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids

Acid-Base Reactions

Reaction with Water

Reaction with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates (Weak Bases)

Reaction with NaOH (Strong Base)

Reaction with Primary Amines (Weak Bases)

Reaction With Reactive Metals

Summary of an Oxidation Reaction Leading to Carboxylic Acids

Learning Objectives

Quiz

• Carboxylic Acids-Quiz set 1. 56 mcq questions and answers.

Section 7 - Primary Amines

Naming Primary Amines

Physical and Chemical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Solubility

Melting Points and Boiling Points

Electrical Conductance

Chemical Reactions of Amines

Primary Amine Synthesis

Acid-Base Reactions

Reaction with Water

Reaction with Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) or Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)

Reaction with Organic Acids

Other Useful Clues to the Identity of Primary Amines

Naming Salts

Summary of a Substitution Reaction of Haloalkanes

Learning Objectives

Quiz

• Primary Amines-Quiz set 1. 43 mcq questions and answers.

Appendix 1 - The Official Prescription

Appendix 2 - AS91165 Study Checklist

Appendix 3 - Exam Resource Booklet

Appendix 4 - About the Author