Chemical Reactivity Level 2

Introduction

Getting Started

Course Content

Other

How Good are Your Study Habits?

Section 1 - Rates of Reaction

Particles and the Particle Theory of Matter

Particles

The Particle Theory of Matter

Chemical Reactions

Collision Theory

Activation Energy (Ea)

Rates of Reaction

Factors Affecting the Rate of a Chemical Reaction

1. Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction

2. The Effect of Concentration on The Rate of Reaction

3. Particle Size (physical state)

4. Use of a Catalyst

Summary

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Rates of Reaction-Quiz set 1. 50 mcq and short questions and answers.
• Rates of Reaction-Quiz set 2. 40 short and long exam questions and answers.

Section 2 - Equilibrium

Introduction to equilibrium

Equilibrium

Characteristics of Equilibrium

1. It is Dynamic

2. The Forward and Backward Reactions Occur at the Same Rate

3. The Concentrations of Reactants and Products Remain Constant at Equilibrium

4. Equilibrium Requires a Closed System

Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

Kc and the Position of Equilibrium

How to Solve Quantitative Problems Involving Chemical Equilibria

1. Calculating Kc

2. Using Kc to Find Unknown Concentrations of Reactants or Products

3. Is the Reaction at Equilibrium?

Shifting the Equilibrium (Le Chatelier’s Principle)

The Effect of Changing Concentration on the Equilibrium

The Effect of Changing the Temperature on the Equilibrium

The Effect of Changing the Pressure on the Equilibrium

The Effect of a Catalyst on Equilibrium

Summary. Factors that Influence the Value of Kc

Summary

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Equilibrium-Quiz set 1. 41 mcq questions and answers.
• Equilibrium-Quiz set 2. 104 mcq and short questions and answers.
• Equilibrium-Quiz set 3. 29 mcq questions and answers.
• Equilibrium-Quiz set 4. 29 short and long exam questions and answers.
• Equilibrium-Quiz set 5. 40 short and long exam questions and answers.

Section 3 - Acid-Base Equilibria

Bronsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases

Acids

Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids

Strong and Weak Acids

Reactivity of Strong and Weak Acids

Conductivity of Strong and Weak Acids

Concentrated and Dilute Acids versus Acid Strength

Bases

Strong and Weak Bases

Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs

Amphiprotic Substances

Salts

Acidic Salts

Basic Salts

Neutral Salts

Naming Salts

Calculating Acid and Base Concentrations in Solution

pH, pOH, and The pH Scale

Kw. The Ionic Product of Water

Relating [H₃O⁺] and pH

Relating [OH^-] and pOH

Relating pH and pOH

Example 1: Calculating the pH of a Strong Base Solution

The pH Scale: Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Solutions

Example 2: Calculating The Hydronium Ion Concentration and Hydroxide Ion Concentration

Example 3: Calculating The pH of Strong Acid Solution and The Hydronium Ion Concentration and Hydroxide Ion Concentration of a Strong Base

Learning Objectives

Quizzes

• Acids and Bases-Quiz set 1. 57 mcq and short answer questions and answers.
• Conjugates-Quiz set 2. 30 mcq questions and answers.
• pH-Quiz set 3. 22 mcq questions and answers.

Appendix 1 - The Official Prescription

Appendix 2 - AS91166 Study Checklist

Appendix 3 - Exam Resource Booklet

Appendix 4 - About the Author